How to choose the right camera head based on pipe diameter
The camera head is the most critical component of a push camera system. Choosing the wrong size means, at best, poor images; at worst, a stuck camera head. This guide explains how to get it right first time.
Why does the camera head diameter matter?
A camera head that is too small for the pipe being inspected will produce off-centre images, with excess light bouncing off the walls and no visual context of the joint condition. A camera head that is too large for the pipe simply will not pass through — or worse, will become lodged in a bend or reducer.
The general rule is that the outer diameter of the camera head should be between 50% and 80% of the inner diameter of the pipe. Below 50%, image quality suffers; above 80%, the risk of blockage increases considerably in pipes with scaling or deformation.
Quick selection table
| Pipe diameter | Recommended head | Otter Store model |
|---|---|---|
| DN25 – DN50 (1″ – 2″) | Ø 12.8 mm | 12.8 mm head |
| DN50 – DN100 (2″ – 4″) | Ø 21 mm | 21 mm head |
| DN75 – DN150 (3″ – 6″) | Ø 29 mm | 29 mm head |
| DN100 – DN200 (4″ – 8″) | Ø 33 mm | 33 mm head |
| DN150 – DN600 (6″ – 24″) | Ø 50 mm Pan&Tilt | 50 mm head |
Beyond diameter: other factors to consider
1. Self-levelling
Camera heads with a self-levelling system keep the image permanently upright, regardless of how the cable rotates inside the pipe. This is especially useful in small diameter pipes where the cable tends to twist. The 21 mm and 29 mm Otter Store models include this technology as standard.
2. Pan & Tilt (pan and tilt rotation)
Motorised Pan&Tilt heads allow the camera to rotate 360° horizontally and tilt vertically up to 180°, making it possible to inspect laterals, branches and connections without withdrawing the equipment. They are essential for collectors of DN150 and above where lateral connections are frequent. The 50 mm head from Otter Store includes 360° pan and 180° tilt with manual focus adjustment.
3. Integrated locating sonde
All camera heads in our range include a built-in 512 Hz sonde transmitter. This allows the operator to locate the camera head from the surface using a receiver, identifying the exact position of the camera along the pipe route. It is essential for marking fault locations before opening the pavement.
4. IP68 protection rating
All Otter Store camera heads are IP68 certified, meaning they can operate continuously when submerged. This is the minimum required for any sewer network inspection under real conditions, where the presence of water is common.
5. Lens material
Look for sapphire crystal lenses or equivalent — they are considerably more resistant to abrasion than standard glass lenses. A pipe with sand or grit sediment will quickly wear down a glass lens, reducing image quality within just a few hours of work.
Common mistakes to avoid
- ✗ Using the same camera head for all diameters — the image becomes useless outside the optimal range
- ✗ Ignoring reducers and bends in the route — a head that passes through the straight section may become stuck in a 45° bend
- ✗ Omitting the integrated sonde — without location capability, you cannot mark faults on the pavement surface
- ✗ Not verifying connector compatibility with the cable reel — aviation-type connectors must match
Which camera head do you need for your work?
If you are unsure which model best suits the pipes you regularly inspect — diameters, materials, working conditions — our technical team can help. Tell us your situation and we will recommend the optimal combination of camera head, cable reel and control unit.
Need technical advice?
Tell us the diameter and material of the pipes you inspect and we will recommend the most suitable camera head. No obligation.
Free consultation